Ammunition

Ammunition for alarm guns – function, effect, and clean selection

Ammunition for alarm guns is technically much more sophisticated than it appears at first glance. Even without a solid projectile, the cartridge determines whether a weapon works reliably, repeats cleanly, and remains functional in the long term. Gas pressure, ignition behavior, combustion, residues, casing material, and ignition system have a direct effect on the breech, magazine, ejector, and firing pin. Ammunition is therefore not a simple consumable, but an active part of the overall system.

Basic principle – gas pressure instead of a projectile

Alarm ammunition works without a projectile. When fired, gas pressure is generated, which produces the bang, moves the breech in pistols, drives pyrotechnics, or releases irritants. Since there is no bullet to stabilize the weapon, alarm guns are more sensitive to pressure fluctuations, friction, and contamination. Even small differences in ammunition or ignition can significantly affect the repeating behavior.

Blank cartridges – the technical basis

Blank cartridges contain a propellant charge but no projectile. They provide the necessary gas pressure for function and effect.

Typical characteristics are a loud bang and sufficient pressure for repeating in pistols. Differences in quality are evident in the even burning and the amount of residue. Inferior blank cartridges burn unevenly, produce fluctuating pressure, and increase the cleaning effort.

Irritant ammunition – CS and pepper from a technical perspective

Irritant ammunition also contains CS or pepper (OC). The effect is temporary and highly dependent on distance, wind, and the environment. Technically relevant is the increased residue formation: irritant particles are deposited in the breech, in the magazine, and on the barrel block. Regular cleaning is essential here, as otherwise malfunctions will become more frequent.

Pyrotechnic ammunition – signal instead of mechanics

Pyrotechnic effects are ignited via a launch cup and serve as a signal or marking device. They require a reliable blank cartridge. Weak gas pressure or uneven ignition leads to incomplete or unreliable firing.

Calibers & designs – why not all ammunition works the same

In addition to 9 mm P.A.K. and 8 mm, 6 mm and .22 long are also common. These calibers differ significantly in gas pressure, ignition type, and intended use:

• 9 mm P.A.K.: Standard for pistols, high gas pressure for reliable repeating
• 8 mm: lower pressure, more susceptible to weak combustion
• 6 mm: simple systems, limited function
• .22 long: mainly for revolvers, very reliable

Pistol vs. revolver ammunition

Pistols require sufficient gas pressure to move the breech. They are sensitive to weak loads, incorrect case material, or ignition problems. Revolvers do not require a repeating action and are significantly more tolerant of pressure and ignition fluctuations. Many types of ammunition that cause malfunctions in pistols work without any problems in revolvers.

Case material – influence on feeding and ejection

The material of the case influences friction, ejection, and stress on the mechanics:

• Brass cases: very good sliding properties, clean ejection, less wear
• Steel cases: harder, higher stress on extractors, sometimes snaggy ejection
• Coated cases: compromise solution, quality depends on manufacturer

Especially with self-loading pistols, the case material can be crucial for reliable repeating.

Ignition – often overlooked, functionally crucial

The ignition system determines how reliably the cartridge is triggered and how evenly the combustion starts.

Centerfire ignition

• Common with 9 mm P.A.K. and 8 mm
• Primer cap sits centrally in the base of the case
• Robust ignition, well suited for self-loaders

Problems usually arise due to weak firing pin springs, dirty ignition channels, or inferior primer caps.

Rimfire ignition

• Typical for .22 long
• Ignition compound is located in the rim of the case
• Very even ignition in revolvers

Rimfire is more sensitive to unclean firing pin contact, but works extremely reliably in revolvers, as no repeating action is involved.

Ignition quality

Irregular ignition leads to:

• Delayed combustion
• Weak gas pressure
• Incomplete repeating
• Ejection problems

The difference between high-quality and low-quality ammunition becomes very apparent here, especially with pistols.

Residues, care, and storage

Alarm ammunition produces smoke and powder residues, while irritant ammunition also produces chemical deposits. Without cleaning, there is a risk of stiff locks, jamming, and increased wear. Ammunition should be stored in a dry, cool place in its original packaging to avoid ignition problems and material aging.